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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
Published on: February 16, 2020
Electrochemical One- or Two-Electron Oxidation Enables Chemoselective α-Amino C(sp3)-H Arylation and Cyanation
Shengtao Zhang1, Mohan Bu1, Zainure Osman1
1State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang830017, China.
Abstract:
A controllable one- vs two-electron electrochemical strategy enables chemoselective α-amino C(sp3)-H arylation (secondary amines) or α-cyanation (tertiary N-aryl-THIQs) using 1,4-dicyanobenzene as a dual-function aryl/cyano source. Simple adjustments of electrolysis parameters divert tertiary amines to two-electron iminium/CN- trapping and secondary amines to one-electron radical/radical-anion cross-coupling. The operationally simple, oxidant-free protocol delivers up to 98% yield, tolerates diverse (hetero)arenes, and is demonstrated on a 2 mmol continuous-flow scale.
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