Decoding how macronutrients influence depressive symptoms: Combined insights from regression, nonlinear modeling, and...

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Psychiatry
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Dietary management is crucial for depression care, yet research on multiple macronutrient associations with depressive symptoms is limited.
• Understanding these links can inform public health strategies and clinical interventions for mental well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the associations between macronutrient intake and depression levels and depressive symptoms.
• To identify specific dietary components influencing mental health outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of data from 30,285 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2023).
• Application of multiple linear regression, logistic regression, restricted cubic spline models, and machine learning techniques.
• Assessment of relationships between macronutrient intake (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, sugars, fatty acids) and depression indicators.

Main Results:

• Higher protein and dietary fiber intake were significantly associated with lower depression levels and reduced risk of depressive symptoms.
• Higher fat and sugar intake were linked to increased depression levels and risk.
• Specific fatty acids (octanoic, eicosatetraenoic) showed protective effects, while dodecanoic acid was associated with higher risk.

Conclusions:

• Higher intake of protein and fiber may play a beneficial role in mitigating depressive symptoms.
• Dietary patterns emphasizing protein and fiber could support mental health.
• Further prospective studies are required to establish causality and elucidate underlying mechanisms.