"Three-in-one" integrated self-powered sensor for cadmium ion detection: On-site screening, sensitive quantification,...

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Materials Science
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Self-powered electrochemical sensors (SPES) are eco-friendly but struggle with on-site detection, sensitivity, and credibility.
• Existing SPES lack integrated functions for efficient, sensitive, and reliable real-world applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a versatile three-in-one SPES integrating on-site screening, sensitive quantification, and built-in verification.
• To address limitations of current SPES for cadmium ion detection.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a polyaniline (PANI)-based cathode for rapid multicolorimetric screening of cadmium ions (Cd2+).
• Incorporated V2C MXene to enhance electron-hole separation and power generation for sensitive quantification.
• Employed K2S2O8 activation and transformation for built-in validation via dual power peaks.

Main Results:

• Achieved a 6-second response for semi-quantitative Cd2+ screening using PANI cathode.
• Established a linear power output vs. Cd2+ concentration (1.5 nM to 10 μM) with a 0.5 nM LOD.
• Demonstrated orthogonal power peaks for interdependent and verifiable Cd2+ detection.

Conclusions:

• The novel SPES design provides an efficient, sensitive, and reliable platform for on-site cadmium ion detection.
• Integrated functions overcome limitations of traditional SPES, offering practical applicability.
• The sensor ensures credibility through built-in verification mechanisms.