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Targeting the non-coding RNA-PANoptosis axis: a novel frontier in disease diagnosis and therapy

Shaocong Wang1, Chenxi Feng2, Xinzhe Chen1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Institute of Chronic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China.

Apoptosis : an International Journal on Programmed Cell Death
|August 7, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Programmed cell death pathways like apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis converge in PANoptosis, a novel cell death form regulated by non-coding RNAs. This review explores their roles in disease and therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Programmed cell death traditionally viewed apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis as distinct. Recent findings reveal complex interactions and synergies among these pathways.
  • PANoptosis, a novel cell death pathway, integrates features of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, mediated by the PANoptosome complex.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression, influencing cellular fate at post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the molecular mechanisms of ncRNA regulation in PANoptosis.
  • To elucidate the pathological significance of the ncRNA-PANoptosis axis in various diseases.
  • To explore diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting this regulatory axis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and systematic summarization of existing research on ncRNAs and PANoptosis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking ncRNAs to PANoptosis core components and signaling pathways.
  • Examination of ncRNA-PANoptosis interactions in the context of infectious, oncological, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs extensively regulate PANoptosis core components and upstream signaling pathways.
  • The ncRNA-PANoptosis axis plays a significant pathological role in diverse diseases, including infections, cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmunity.
  • ncRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics targeting PANoptosis show promising potential.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic framework for the "non-coding RNA-PANoptosis-disease" regulatory axis is established.
  • Understanding the interactive logic of cell death networks is crucial for developing precise disease interventions.
  • Further research is needed to address mechanistic complexity, delivery technologies, and safety for therapeutic applications.
Keywords:
BiomarkerCell death networkDisease mechanismInflammationNon-coding RNAsPANoptosis

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