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Published on: January 5, 2017
Refining Prognostic Stratification in Head and Neck Paragangliomas: Insights from a SEER-Based Population Study
Andrea Carlini1,2, Mirea Berti1,2, Giuseppe Lamberti1,2
1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy.
The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology
|August 8, 2026
Summary
Prognostic factors for head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) were identified. Advanced stage, older age, and lack of surgery independently predicted poorer overall survival (OS) in HNPGL patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Endocrinology
- Surgical Oncology
Background:
- Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors.
- Their heterogeneous behavior complicates prognostic assessment.
- Malignant potential exists, but prognostic factors are not well-defined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify clinical and pathological factors associated with overall survival (OS) in HNPGL patients.
- To determine independent predictors of survival in HNPGLs.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study using SEER data (1975-2021).
- Analysis included Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and ROC-derived cutoffs.
- Evaluated demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment variables.
Main Results:
- Older age, advanced stage, and lack of surgery were independently associated with reduced OS.
- Tumor size and extra-carotid location showed associations in univariable analysis.
- Disease stage was the strongest determinant of OS.
Conclusions:
- Age at diagnosis, disease stage, and surgical status are independent predictors of OS in HNPGLs.
- Disease stage is the most significant prognostic factor.
- Further research is needed for tumor size and location associations.