Green Extraction Strategies for Rose Bioactives: Impacts on Chemical Composition and Anti-Aging Efficacy

The genus Rosa, celebrated for centuries for its aesthetic and aromatic qualities, is increasingly recognized as a potent source of bioactive compounds with significant applications in the cosmetic industry, particularly in antiaging formulations. Traditional extraction methods, often reliant on harsh organic solvents and high energy consumption, are being progressively replaced by innovative green extraction technologies. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the state-of-the-art green strategies for extracting bioactives from various Rosa species, including Rosa damascena, Rosa canina, and Rosa rugosa. We meticulously examine key technologies such as Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE), and the use of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES). The core focus of this review is to dissect the profound impact of these methods on the resulting chemical profile of the extracts, specifically the yield and composition of valuable phytochemicals like phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and volatile compounds. Furthermore, we critically correlate these compositional variations with the demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antiaging efficacy of the extracts, including their antioxidant, anticollagenase, and antielastase activities. The review delves into the controversies and challenges associated with each technique, analyzing the conflicting evidence regarding their efficiency and selectivity. Finally, we address the critical aspects of industrial scalability, providing insights into techno-economic considerations, life-cycle assessments, and future prospects, such as the development of hybrid extraction systems and the integration of nanotechnology for enhanced delivery of rose bioactives. This work aims to guide future research and industrial implementation toward more sustainable, efficient, and effective utilization of rose-derived compounds in next-generation cosmetic products. Distinct from prior reviews that treat extraction technologies, rose essential oil, or rosehip dermatological effects as separate themes, this review links extraction mechanism, phytochemical fingerprint, antiaging end points, and scale-up constraints in a single evidence chain.