Biofilm-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Infected Wound Reconstruction

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Wound Healing Research

Background:

• Antibiotic-resistant biofilms in chronic wounds present a complex challenge due to the pathological wound ecosystem.
• Conventional antimicrobials are insufficient for eradicating mature biofilms and restoring healing conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review biofilm-responsive nanoplatforms for reprogramming chronic infected wounds toward regenerative repair.
• To emphasize nanoplatforms' potential to coordinate sequential wound healing needs beyond simple antimicrobial delivery.

Main Methods:

• Examination of various nanomaterial systems (metallic, oxide, polymeric, lipid, silica, MOF, 2D) integrated into wound interfaces (hydrogels, dressings, scaffolds).
• Analysis of how material composition and interface design influence therapeutic performance, retention, activation, and penetration.

Main Results:

• Nanoplatforms can disrupt extracellular polymeric substances, suppress pathogens, and penetrate biofilms.
• These systems can also recalibrate immune response, restore redox balance, support angiogenesis, and aid matrix reconstruction.

Conclusions:

• Biofilm-responsive nanomedicine should focus on wound ecosystem regulation rather than solely bacterial killing.
• Translational success requires emphasis on mature biofilm models, polymicrobial infections, human-relevant testing, scar quality, and manufacturing.