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Two Lineages of DS-1-Like G3P[8] Human Rotaviruses in Sabah, Malaysia: Genetic Diversity and Evidence of Reassortment

Yuki Akari1, Lia Natasha Amit2, Jecelyn Leaslie John3

  • 1Division of One Health, Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases (RCGLID), Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan.

Journal of Medical Virology
|August 8, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Group A rotavirus (RVA) DS-1-like G3P[8] reassortants with short electropherotypes are emerging globally. In Sabah, Malaysia, whole-genome sequencing revealed two distinct DS-1-like lineages, indicating multiple introductions and complex evolutionary dynamics.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Group A rotavirus (RVA) genotype G3P[8] strains commonly exhibit a Wa-like genomic backbone.
  • Since 2013, DS-1-like G3P[8] reassortants with short RNA electropherotypes have increasingly disseminated worldwide.
  • Surveillance in Sabah, Malaysia (2018-2019) detected frequent G3P[8] strains with short electropherotypes, suggesting DS-1-like origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform whole-genome sequencing of representative short-pattern and co-circulating long-pattern G3P[8] RVA strains from Sabah.
  • To investigate the genomic backbone and evolutionary relationships of emerging DS-1-like G3P[8] strains.
  • To understand the origins and reassortment events contributing to the global spread of these strains.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of seven short-pattern and one long-pattern G3P[8] RVA strains using Illumina MiSeq.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequences to determine genetic lineages and backbone genotypes.
  • Sequence comparison to identify potential intergenogroup reassortment events.

Main Results:

  • Six short-pattern strains possessed the canonical DS-1-like backbone (I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2).
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct DS-1-like lineages (KN4-like and L39-like), suggesting at least two independent introductions into Sabah.
  • One strain (L116) exhibited a Wa-like VP3 genotype (M1) within an otherwise DS-1-like genome, indicating a DS-1-like/Wa-like intergenogroup reassortment event.

Conclusions:

  • The emergence of DS-1-like G3P[8] strains in Sabah is characterized by distinct lineages and multiple introductions.
  • The identification of intergenogroup reassortment in strain L116 highlights the complex evolutionary pathways of RVA.
  • These findings enhance the understanding of the evolutionary dynamics driving the global dissemination of emerging DS-1-like G3P[8] rotaviruses.
Keywords:
DS‐1‐like G3P[8] strainsDS‐1‐like intergenogroup reassortant strainsGroup A rotavirusMalaysiafull genome‐based analysisgenetic diversityreassortment

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