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Engineered Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂/rGO nanocomposites as high-efficiency magnetic adsorbents for cd(II) determination
Hilal Akbiyik1, Nagehan Kübra Zeytinci1, Buse Tuğba Zaman1
1Yıldız Technical University, Chemistry Department, 34220 İstanbul, Türkiye.
Food Chemistry
|August 9, 2026
Summary
A novel magnetic solid-phase extraction method using Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2/rGO nanocomposites efficiently determines trace cadmium in lemongrass tea. This technique significantly enhances detection power for accurate cadmium analysis.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal with significant health implications.
- Accurate determination of trace cadmium levels in food and beverages is crucial for public health.
- Existing methods for cadmium analysis may lack sensitivity or require complex sample preparation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a sensitive and efficient method for determining trace cadmium ions in lemongrass tea infusion.
- To utilize novel Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2/rGO nanocomposites as adsorbents for magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE).
- To optimize the MDSPE procedure and validate its performance using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).
Main Methods:
- Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2/rGO nanocomposites using XRD, SEM, EDS, FT-IR, and ICP-MS.
- Development of a magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) method for sample preconcentration.
- Optimization of adsorption and desorption parameters for the MDSPE procedure.
- Determination of cadmium ions using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) with matrix matching calibration.
Main Results:
- The Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2/rGO nanocomposites were successfully synthesized and characterized.
- The developed MDSPE-FAAS method achieved a 113-fold enhancement in detection power compared to FAAS alone.
- Achieved a low limit of detection (0.23 ng/g) and limit of quantification (0.76 ng/g).
- High percentage recoveries (91.80%–108.90%) were obtained for cadmium in lemongrass tea infusion samples using matrix matching.
Conclusions:
- The developed MDSPE method using Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2/rGO nanocomposites is highly effective for the trace determination of cadmium in complex matrices like lemongrass tea.
- The method offers significant improvements in sensitivity and efficiency, making it suitable for routine analysis.
- This approach provides a valuable tool for monitoring cadmium contamination in food and beverages to ensure consumer safety.
