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Updated: Aug 11, 2026
26:48
Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Published on: July 4, 2007
Relapse risk and functional outcomes in anti-LGI1 encephalitis: A multicenter retrospective analysis
Chun-Hong Shen1,2, Bo Jin3, Ye Du4
1Department of Neurology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
|August 10, 2026
Summary
Hyponatremia at diagnosis is linked to higher relapse risk and poor outcomes in anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) encephalitis. This finding aids in risk stratification for LGI1 encephalitis patients.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) encephalitis poses a significant risk of relapse and functional impairment.
- Current treatment guidelines lack established maintenance strategies for LGI1 encephalitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify prognostic signatures for anti-LGI1 encephalitis.
- To determine predictors of relapse and poor outcomes using real-world data.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter retrospective study of 104 anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients from Eastern China (2015-2024) with over 24-month follow-up.
- Relapse defined as new/worsening symptoms after 3 months of stability; poor outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale score > 2.
Main Results:
- Hyponatremia at diagnosis was more frequent in patients who relapsed (p=0.017) and significantly increased relapse risk (HR=4.67, p=0.012).
- Male sex (OR=5.12, p=0.041) and hyponatremia (OR=4.69, p=0.008) were associated with poor outcomes.
- 11.5% of patients experienced relapse, and 16.3% had poor outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Hyponatremia is a key predictor of relapse and poor outcomes in anti-LGI1 encephalitis.
- Findings support individualized risk stratification for LGI1 encephalitis.
- Further validation in prospective studies is recommended.
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