Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
Published on: January 21, 2018
Rhinovirus Species in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and the Risk of Asthma in Children
Ville Forsström1, Matti Waris2, Ville Peltola1
1Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Background:
Rhinoviruses (RV) are the most common pathogens causing respiratory tract infections, and early childhood RV wheezing illnesses are a known risk factor for childhood asthma. The role of acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) caused by different RV species in asthma development is not well known.
Methods:
We conducted a nested case-control study in a birth cohort of 923 children followed prospectively from birth to age 7 years. Nasal swab samples collected during acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) at age 0-24 months were analyzed by PCR, and RV-positive samples were genotyped. Each case with asthma at age 7 years was matched with three cohort children without asthma. Conditional logistic regression was used to test associations between RV wheezing illnesses or RV URTIs and asthma risk.
Results:
We identified 56 cases and 168 matched controls. In total, 807 RV-positive samples were successfully classified. Wheezing illnesses caused by RV-A and RV-C at age 0-24 months were associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 7 years (for RV-A, odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-2.43, p = 0.03; for RV-C, OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.11-2.49, p = 0.01). RV-A, RV-B, or RV-C positive URTIs were not associated with asthma risk.
Conclusion:
Both RV-A and RV-C -induced early wheezing illnesses were associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. Acute URTIs caused by RV-A, RV-B, or RV-C were not associated with asthma risk.
More Related Videos
09:01An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Published on: December 10, 2013
05:31Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
Published on: August 7, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease
Asthma I: Introduction
Asthma-I: Introduction
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations
Influenza