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Trace Li Pre-Doping of Activated Carbon Cathode Enabling Accelerated Li-Ion Transport for High-Power Lithium-Ion
Kyungmin Do1,2, Jihyeon Ryu1,2, Dong Gyun Im1,3
1Battery Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, Republic of Korea.
Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 10, 2026
Summary
Ultralow-level lithium pre-doping enhances lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) cathodes by creating a lithiophilic layer. This boosts energy storage performance for AI data centers without pore blockage.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- AI data centers require advanced energy storage with high power, safety, and scalability.
- Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are promising but limited by inefficient lithium pre-doping and pore blockage in activated carbon (AC) cathodes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate ultralow-level lithium pre-doping for enhancing AC cathode performance in LICs.
- To develop a scalable and cost-effective method for improving LICs for AI infrastructure.
Main Methods:
- Surface modification of AC with a lithium-based compound followed by thermal conversion.
- Characterization of the modified AC structure and performance evaluation in pouch-type full cells.
- Molecular dynamics simulations to understand ion transport mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Ultralow-level Li pre-doping created an ultrathin, uniform lithiophilic layer (Li2CO3) without compromising AC porosity.
- Enhanced Li-ion transport, reduced polarization, and improved capacity and rate capability were observed.
- Pouch-type full cells demonstrated superior high-power performance, increased capacity, and stable cycling.
Conclusions:
- Minimal Li pre-doping is a highly effective strategy for boosting LIC cathode performance.
- This approach offers a scalable and cost-efficient pathway for next-generation energy storage solutions.
- The findings support the development of advanced LICs for demanding applications like AI data centers.
