Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026
06:19
Screening Ion Channels in Cancer Cells
Published on: June 16, 2023
Cancer Screening and Citizenship Status in the US
Jenny S Guadamuz1,2, Stacy Chen1, Gregory S Calip3
1Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.
JAMA Network Open
|August 10, 2026
Summary
Noncitizens experience lower cancer screening rates due to socioeconomic barriers and limited health care access. Improving access is crucial to reduce cancer mortality among this population.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Services Research
- Health Equity
Background:
- Noncitizens face significant health disparities, including poverty and inadequate healthcare access, contributing to adverse cancer outcomes.
- Cancer is a leading cause of death among noncitizens, yet little is known about how citizenship status impacts cancer screening rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine cancer screening inequities related to citizenship status.
- To evaluate state-level variations in these inequities.
- To determine the mediating role of structural factors in these disparities.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study utilizing nationally representative data from the National Health Interview Survey (2010-2023).
- Cancer screening eligibility determined by US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines.
- Mediation analysis using nonlinear multiple additive regression tree models to assess associations and mediators.
Main Results:
- Noncitizens exhibited significantly lower screening rates for colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer compared to US-born citizens.
- These disparities persisted throughout the study period and varied across states.
- Socioeconomic and healthcare factors jointly mediated these inequities, explaining a substantial proportion of the disparities.
Conclusions:
- Noncitizens have lower cancer screening rates, primarily driven by socioeconomic barriers and insufficient healthcare access.
- Interventions aimed at increasing cancer screening and reducing mortality among noncitizens must prioritize improving their healthcare access.
Related Concept Videos
02:59Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
02:59Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
01:30Preventive Healthcare Services
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
02:12What is Cancer?
Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of patients who died from...
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of patients who died from...
01:25Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...