Closed-Loop Slit-Flushing Antisolvent Strategy Enables Controlled Three-Dimensional Mass Transfer for Large-Area...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Renewable Energy
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• The antisolvent process is crucial for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but faces scalability and green manufacturing challenges.
• Current methods are limited by mass transfer characteristics, hindering large-area film uniformity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a scalable, green manufacturing-compatible antisolvent strategy for perovskite solar cells.
• To enhance mass transfer control for uniform, large-area perovskite film deposition.

Main Methods:

• Development of a closed-loop slit-flushing antisolvent (SFA) strategy with ambient-air processability and antisolvent recyclability.
• Implementation of a pressure-driven forced flow within a parallel-plate slit to control mass transfer.
• Optimization of slit height (0.5 mm) for uniform nucleation and film formation on 100 × 100 mm substrates.

Main Results:

• Achieved highly uniform, compact, and pinhole-free perovskite films in ambient air.
• Demonstrated reduced defect density and homogenized film distribution.
• Small-area PSCs reached a 24.59% power conversion efficiency (PCE); large-area flexible modules achieved a 17.35% certified PCE.

Conclusions:

• The SFA strategy offers a practical solution to the scaling limitations of antisolvent methods for perovskite solar cells.
• This approach enables the fabrication of efficient and stable large-area perovskite photovoltaics.
• The method promotes ambient-air processability and antisolvent recyclability, aligning with green manufacturing principles.