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Skin microclimate as an indirect risk factor for pressure injuries: a prognostic factor systematic review and
Sharon Leanne Latimer1, Su-Fei Ou2, Tai Yang Huang3,4
1NHMRC CRE Wiser Wounds Care, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.
Journal of Wound Care
|August 10, 2026
Summary
Skin microclimate, including temperature, humidity, and airflow, is linked to pressure injury (PI) risk. While skin temperature changes show a connection to PI development, more research is needed to confirm this link.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology and clinical research.
- Investigating the relationship between environmental factors and skin health.
- Understanding the pathophysiology of pressure injuries.
Background:
- Skin microclimate, encompassing temperature, humidity, and airflow, is increasingly recognized as an indirect risk factor for pressure injuries (PIs).
- Altered skin microclimate can impact skin structure and function, potentially predisposing individuals to PIs.
- This review focuses on the prognostic value of skin microclimate in adult populations across various clinical settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize evidence on the prognostic value of skin microclimate as an indirect risk factor for pressure injuries (PIs) in adults.
- To evaluate the association between different dimensions of skin microclimate and the development of PIs.
- To identify gaps in current research regarding skin microclimate and PI development.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and Cochrane-Campbell framework synthesis was conducted, adhering to PROSPERO registration (CRD42023430167).
- Included studies spanned prospective/retrospective cohorts, case-control, and case series published between 1970-2023.
- Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, with adjudication as needed.
Main Results:
- Nine papers from eight studies were included in the review.
- Skin temperature was the sole microclimate dimension consistently measured and reported.
- Both increases and decreases in skin temperature were associated with a higher risk of PIs, though evidence was limited and uncertain.
Conclusions:
- Current evidence suggests a potential association between skin temperature variations and pressure injury development.
- The measurement methods for skin temperature can influence research findings and require careful consideration.
- Further research is essential to elucidate the roles of humidity and airflow in skin microclimate and their impact on PI development.
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