Integrated Lifestyle Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Propensity Score-matched...

This retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study examined the associations of multidisciplinary team (MDT)-based integrated lifestyle management with glycemic, psychological, behavioral, nutritional, and screening-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical data were collected from 133 hospitalized patients with T2DM between June 1, 2024, and December 31, 2024. After 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching (PSM), 130 patients were included: 65 in the MDT-based management group and 65 in the conventional management group. The primary outcome was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to 12 months. Secondary exploratory outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) score, health literacy, nutritional protein indicators, complication screening, newly documented chronic complications, adherence, and satisfaction. At 12 months, the MDT-based management group showed a greater reduction in HbA1c than the conventional management group. The MDT-based management group was also associated with lower FPG, 2hPG, SDS, and SAS scores; higher SDSCA and health literacy scores; more favorable albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, and retinol-binding protein levels; higher complication-screening completion rates; greater adherence and satisfaction; and a lower observed rate of newly documented chronic complications. In this single-center cohort of hospitalized patients with T2DM, MDT-based integrated lifestyle management was associated with more favorable multidimensional outcomes during 12 months of observational follow-up. Because of the retrospective matched-cohort design, these findings should be interpreted as observational associations in the studied inpatient population rather than as evidence of causality.