PCR-based screening for vector-borne pathogens reveals different Mycoplasma species in cats from Kosovo

Vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) comprise a diverse range of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths, that are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by various species of arthropod vectors. The present study aimed to report the first data on the prevalence of VBPs in domestic cats in Kosovo and investigate associations with potential risk factors. Blood samples were collected from 107 domestic cats between April and October 2024 and preserved on filter papers. Samples were screened for VBPs, including Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., Cytauxzoon spp., Bartonella spp., Filarioidea, Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., and Trypanosoma spp., using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequence analysis. Haemotropic mycoplasma DNA was detected in 9 cats (8.4%, 95% CI: 4.2-15.8). Of the sequences obtained, three were identified as Mycoplasma haemofelis and six as Candidatus Mycoplasma haematominutum. The samples resulted negative for the presence of DNA from other VBPs. Significant variations in infection prevalence were associated with age, sex, outdoor access, and health status. This study provides the first molecular detection of Mycoplasma spp. infection in domestic cats from the capital region, Prishtina, and contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology of this pathogen in the local feline population, which is essential for the development of effective preventive and control strategies.