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Hydrogen sulfide as a potential translational hub for crop salinity tolerance
Usman Ijaz1, Waqas Ud Din Khan2, Lei Wang3
1College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
Abstract:
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is widely implicated in plants' adaptive responses to salinity, regulating processes ranging from ionic homeostasis to antioxidant defense and is often described as a central signaling hub due to its interaction with core signaling pathways, such as Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and phytohormones. However, most evidence remains correlative and relies heavily on pharmacological interventions. This review critically examines the mechanistic gaps, causality, and specificity of H2S-mediated signaling in regulating salinity adaptive responses in plants. We argue that moving from phenomenological observations to causal mechanisms requires a strategic shift towards advanced genetic tools, in vivo dynamic imaging, synthetic biology, and systems-level interrogation. Addressing these challenges is essential to harness the translational potential of H2S signaling for improving crop resilience in saline environments.
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