Biomimetic Dental Implant With Programmed Surface Platform for Enhanced Interfacial Osseointegration via Sequentially...

Aseptic loosening and infections are leading causes of dental implant failure. Here, we developed a multifunctional, programmed surface coating (Ti@Mo-m/Q) constructed from a molybdenum (Mo)-doped biomimetic porous layer designed to sequentially coordinate bone regeneration. In the initial stage, with mild near-infrared (NIR) irradiation the outermost quercetin (Q) layer promotes M2 macrophage polarization through the FoxO/NF-κB signaling pathway, establishing a regenerative immune microenvironment while controlling antibiotic release. Subsequently, intermediate layer acts as an NIR-responsive "on-demand" antibiotic reservoir, achieving >99% bactericidal efficacy against oral pathogens, including S. aureus, E. coli, and P. gingivalis. Finally, the innermost Mo-doped biomimetic ceramic film enhances osteogenesis, supported by the NIR-responsive antibacterial activity of the underlying Ti@Mo layer. Generally, these findings indicate that the Ti@Mo-m/Q coating significantly improves interfacial osseointegration by strategically aligning with the physiological progression of bone regeneration while providing tunable immunomodulatory and antibacterial functions, thereby offering a promising framework for next-generation implant surface engineering.