Bridging research gaps and advancing policy for healthy soils

The policy framework previously presented by Neale and colleagues in Sustainable Microbiology highlights the central role of soil microorganisms in sustainable agriculture and global food security, offering actionable interventions grounded in emerging scientific advances. However, the translation of soil science and ecology into impactful policy and practice remains limited. This opinion article revisits the longstanding concept of soil biotechnology, and regulatory/societal barriers to progress. We emphasize that the soil microbiome holds untapped potential for improving plant health, reducing agrochemical reliance, and promoting sustainable food systems through continued research. Interkingdom microbial interactions, especially those involving root exudation as a mechanism for microbial recruitment, are proposed as pivotal but underexplored areas of study. Phenotype-driven, trait-based approaches are advocated over traditional phylogenetic methods to better identify functionally relevant microbial consortia and intervention strategies. Furthermore, we stress the need to integrate ecological, agronomic, and economic insights to develop soil-centric food systems. This includes monetizing ecosystem services provided by healthy soils and implementing incentivized conservation schemes. Unlocking the potential of soil microbial ecology requires coordinated, interdisciplinary efforts and a paradigm shift in policy, funding, and public perception.