Biological resources driving productivity: bioinputs for sustainable plant agriculture in Brazil

Brazil is a world leader in agriculture, playing an important role in world food security. Agriculture has changed drastically over the years in Brazil. Different kinds of technology are being developed to increase production, reduce costs, and to decrease environmental impacts of agriculture. In 2020, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply (MAPA) launched the National Bioinputs Program to promote the adoption of sustainable technologies derived from biological resources, bioinputs, many of which are microbial-based. Bioinputs aim at enhancing agricultural productivity, improving soil health, and mitigate environmental impacts. Bioinputs can be classified into three main groups according to functionality: those that promote plant growth and development, those that serve as biological pest control agents, and those that contribute to soil conditioning or restoration. Each of these categories is further subdivided according to their mode of action. In this review, we will focus on bioinputs currently commercialized in Brazil. Details about these products, including the microorganisms involved, their mode of action, and target crops will be discussed. The advantages and challenges for widespread adoption of this new technology will be explored.