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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adults in England, 2000-2025: Recorded Prevalence and
Amber John1,2, Gavin R Stewart3, William Mandy2
1Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
The Lancet Regional Health. Europe
|August 11, 2026
Summary
ADHD diagnosis rates in England are significantly lower than prevalence estimates, especially in older adults, indicating under-recognition. Increased ADHD recording is noted, but services need expansion to meet lifelong needs.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Public awareness and referrals for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have risen.
- There is a critical need for large-scale data on ADHD prevalence and incidence in England.
- Understanding diagnostic coverage is essential for public health planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the point prevalence and crude incidence of recorded ADHD in England.
- To compare recorded ADHD diagnosis rates with established population prevalence estimates.
- To analyze trends in ADHD recording over time and identify diagnostic gaps.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the CPRD Aurum primary care database (2000-2024).
- Calculated point prevalence of recorded ADHD on a specific index date.
- Estimated crude and annual incidence rates per 1000 person-years.
Main Results:
- Point prevalence of recorded ADHD was 1.19%, with higher rates in males and younger individuals.
- Recorded ADHD diagnoses were substantially lower than population prevalence, with significant gaps across age groups.
- Annual incidence rates increased over time, accelerating from 2020, but remained low in older adults.
Conclusions:
- Despite increased recording, ADHD diagnosis rates in England lag behind prevalence, particularly in older populations.
- Significant under-recognition of ADHD suggests a need for accessible, well-resourced diagnostic services.
- Findings underscore the necessity for lifespan-inclusive ADHD care to address unmet needs.
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