Dynamic trajectories in visual function and fall risk in older adults

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Ophthalmology
• Public Health

Background:

• Visual impairment is a known risk factor for falls in older adults.
• The impact of changes in visual function on fall risk remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between changes in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity and subsequent fall risk in older adults.
• To determine if improving vision reduces fall risk.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective cohort study using National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) data from Medicare beneficiaries aged 65+.
• Assessed distance acuity, near acuity, and contrast sensitivity changes from 2022-2023.
• Used logistic regression to analyze fall outcomes in 2024 based on vision change categories (stable, improved, worsened).

Main Results:

• Worsening distance acuity was linked to increased odds of past-year falls (aOR 1.44).
• Worsening near acuity was associated with higher odds of recent falls (aOR 1.44).
• Vision improvements did not correlate with a reduced risk of falls.

Conclusions:

• Declining visual function is associated with a higher risk of falls in older adults.
• Interventions aimed at improving vision may not decrease fall rates.
• Preventing vision deterioration is crucial for mitigating fall risk in the elderly.