Rheumatoid arthritis in the public eye: a study on awareness and knowledge levels in the United Arab Emirates

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with significant morbidity, disability, and reduced quality of life. Despite its clinical importance, public awareness and understanding of RA remain variable across populations. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and information-seeking behavior regarding RA among the general population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in the UAE. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, awareness, knowledge of symptoms, risk factors, treatment, and attitudes toward RA which was administered in English only. A total of 739 participants were included in the final analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, and results were expressed as frequencies and percentages.

Among the participants, 65.4% reported awareness of RA. Knowledge levels were moderate, with 65.2% demonstrating adequate knowledge. A majority correctly identified RA as an autoimmune disease (56%) and recognized its joint involvement (61.4%). However, gaps were observed in symptom recognition, particularly for systemic features such as fever (38.8%) and fatigue (49.7%). Regarding treatment, 64% knew that RA is not completely curable, while knowledge of specific management options varied. In terms of attitudes, 68.2% considered RA a serious condition, and 77.7% would seek medical care for persistent joint symptoms. Most participants (76.7%) preferred obtaining information from the internet, although 20.8% showed reluctance to seek further information.

Although general awareness of RA in the UAE is moderate, significant gaps persist in detailed knowledge, particularly regarding disease mechanisms, systemic involvement, and treatment options. There is a need for targeted educational interventions to improve comprehensive understanding, promote early diagnosis, and enhance disease outcomes.