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Post-COVID-19 Manifestation Persistence and Its Resolution: A Prospective Comparative Study From Hazaribagh,
Iqbal Farooqui1, Mithilesh Kumar1
1Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND.
Cureus
|August 11, 2026
Summary
Post-COVID symptoms, or Long COVID, were similar between first and second wave survivors. Fatigue was the only symptom differing between waves early on, highlighting the need for focused clinical attention.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- COVID-19 survivors risk persistent post-COVID symptoms (Long COVID), regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 strain (ancestral vs. Delta variant).
- Limited community-based data exists in India comparing Long COVID trajectories between different waves, especially in tier-two cities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the prevalence of post-COVID symptoms between first- and second-wave survivors in urban Hazaribagh, Jharkhand.
- To characterize the symptom resolution trajectory within each wave cohort over 30 months.
Main Methods:
- Prospective observational study of 601 adults (155 Wave 1, 446 Wave 2) with COVID-19, sampled from IDSP registers.
- Seventeen post-COVID symptoms assessed via semi-structured questionnaire at six intervals over 30 months.
- Statistical analysis included Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests for inter-wave comparisons (p<0.05 significant).
Main Results:
- Symptom burden decreased significantly in both cohorts post-enrollment, remaining low through 30 months.
- Fatigue was the only statistically significant difference between waves at the initial contact (p=0.049).
- No other symptoms showed significant inter-wave differences; fatigue, dyspnea, and rhinorrhea were most persistent but <3% from Month 18.
Conclusions:
- Post-COVID symptom persistence is low and comparable between first- and second-wave survivors after six months.
- Symptom trajectories converge post-initial contact, suggesting a uniform follow-up protocol may suffice.
- Fatigue warrants prioritized clinical attention as the most persistent symptom in this community setting.
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