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A Systematic Analysis of PMS-Related Disease Burden in China and Globally between 1990 and 2021
1Gynecology Department, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China.
Background:
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) has become a prevalent public health issue among reproductive-age women. However, comprehensive analyses of the temporal trends in PMS disease burden in China remain limited.
Objective:
To investigate the trends in the disease burden of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) among reproductive-age women in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, and to predict the burden up to 2035.
Design:
Secondary analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. Participants/Materials: Women of reproductive age (15-49 years).
Setting:
China and global populations.
Methods:
We analyzed temporal trends in PMS burden using the number of cases, years lived with disability (YLDs), crude prevalence rate (CPR), crude YLDs rate (CYR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized YLDs rate (ASYR). Joinpoint regression was used to analyze temporal trends, and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict disease burden from 2022 to 2035.
Results:
From 1990 to 2021, the ASPR and ASYR of PMS in China were both lower than the global levels. In 2021, the ASPR and ASYR of PMS in China were 43,631.94 per 100,000 and 370.48 per 100,000, respectively, representing decreases of 1.70% and 1.21% compared with 1990. Globally, the corresponding rates were 45,504.28 per 100,000 and 379.98 per 100,000, showing increases of 1.23% and 1.18% compared with 1990. Moreover, the global number of prevalent cases and YLDs rose substantially by 49.88% and 49.46%, respectively. In 2021, the peak numbers of prevalent cases and YLDs of PMS in both China and the world occurred in the 35-39-year age group, while the CPR and CYR peaked in the 40-44-year age group. Projection results indicated that the burden of PMS in China, as measured by ASPR and ASYR, would intensify from 2022 to 2035, with the rates expected to increase to 44,969.08 per 100,000 and 380.07 per 100,000, respectively. Globally, the ASPR was projected to rise to 45,786.66 per 100,000, whereas the ASYR was expected to decrease to 377.10 per 100,000.
Conclusion:
This study revealed that, in contrast to the upward trend in the global burden of PMS among women of reproductive age, the PMS burden in China exhibited a slight decline. However, the PMS burden in both China and the world is likely to face growth challenges over the next decade, highlighting the urgency of implementing targeted public health interventions.
