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Multifactorial ecological framework for intestinal-type gastric cancer
Juan C Caguazango M1, Yomaira Yépez Caicedo2, Marino Coral Bedoya3
1School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centro de Enfermedades Digestivas y Nutricionales CIEDYN, Pasto, Colombia.
Cancer Epidemiology
|August 11, 2026
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) risk is multifactorial, influenced by biological, environmental, behavioral, and microbial elements. We propose an ecological framework to integrate these factors for better understanding and prevention of gastric cancer globally.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Oncology
- Public Health
Background:
- Gastric cancer (GC) is a major global health concern with significant geographic disparities.
- Current understanding lacks a comprehensive framework integrating diverse GC risk determinants.
- Gastric carcinogenesis is multifactorial, necessitating integrative approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a multifactorial ecological framework for interpreting gastric cancer risk.
- To provide a conceptual model for generating testable hypotheses on GC carcinogenesis.
- To advance the ecological understanding of gastric cancer across spatial scales.
Main Methods:
- Development of a complementary multifactorial ecological framework.
- Integration of biological, environmental, behavioral, and microbial factors.
- Situating risk factors within Correa's precancerous cascade.
Main Results:
- The proposed framework offers a structured approach for comparative epidemiological analysis.
- It facilitates the generation of future research hypotheses on gastric cancer.
- The model supports the development of context-specific prevention and surveillance strategies.
Conclusions:
- An integrated ecological framework is essential for understanding gastric cancer heterogeneity.
- This framework aids in comparative analysis and hypothesis generation.
- It holds potential for informing targeted gastric cancer prevention and control efforts.
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