Neuron-derived neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: Mechanisms and intervention prospects

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Neurobiology
• Neuroinflammation

Background:

• Neurodegenerative diseases pose significant public health and economic challenges.
• Current treatments are limited due to complex pathogenesis and a lack of new therapeutic paradigms.
• The role of the brain's immune microenvironment in disease progression is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the contribution of neuron-derived immune-inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases.
• To explore potential intervention strategies targeting neuron-specific immunity.
• To challenge the traditional view of neurons as solely passive recipients of inflammatory damage.

Main Methods:

• Review of emerging evidence on neuronal regulation of neuroimmune responses.
• Detailed analysis of underlying molecular mechanisms.
• Comparative study of neuronal mechanisms driving neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and vascular cognitive impairment.

Main Results:

• Neurons possess the capacity to regulate neuroimmune responses through specific molecular mechanisms.
• Differentially susceptible neurons actively drive and amplify neuroinflammation in various neurodegenerative conditions.
• Emerging evidence suggests neurons participate in initiating neuroimmune processes.

Conclusions:

• Shifting therapeutic focus from glial and peripheral immune cells to neuron-derived immunity offers a novel approach.
• Targeting neuron-specific inflammatory pathways presents a promising avenue for early intervention.
• This paradigm shift provides a new framework for developing effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.