Likely radiation-induced sciatic neuropathy in a dog

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Neurology
• Radiation Oncology
• Comparative Oncology

Background:

• Radiation-induced peripheral neuropathy (RIPN) is a recognized adverse effect in human cancer patients receiving radiotherapy (RT).
• RIPN has not been previously documented in companion animals.
• Peripheral neuropathies can significantly impact animal welfare and limb function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the first documented case of radiation-induced peripheral neuropathy in a companion animal.
• To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and outcome of RIPN in a canine patient.
• To raise awareness of RIPN as a potential late complication of RT in veterinary oncology.

Main Methods:

• A case study of an 11-year-old female beagle with progressive left sciatic neuropathy.
• Diagnostic imaging including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the affected nerve.
• Histopathological examination of the sciatic nerve.
• Treatment with corticosteroids and subsequent limb amputation.

Main Results:

• The canine patient had received stereotactic RT (20 Gy) 19 months prior to symptom onset.
• Imaging findings were consistent with RIPN.
• Histopathology confirmed severe nerve fiber loss.
• Corticosteroid treatment provided no improvement, leading to amputation.

Conclusions:

• This case suggests RIPN can occur in companion animals following RT.
• Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for managing RIPN in dogs.
• Further investigation is warranted to understand the incidence and pathophysiology of RIPN in veterinary patients.