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The interplay between spiritual care practice, perception, and competency among critical care nurses: structural
Eman Arafa Hassan1, Maysa Abdalla Ali Elbiaa2, Shimmaa Mohamed Elsayed3
1Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Critical Care and Emergency Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
BMC Nursing
|August 12, 2026
Summary
Spiritual care competency significantly mediates the link between nurses' spiritual perception and practice. Age and ICU type influence these relationships, highlighting the need for tailored training in critical care settings.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Research
- Spiritual Care
- Critical Care
Background:
- Holistic nursing emphasizes spiritual care, especially in high-stress intensive care units (ICUs).
- While nurses' spiritual perceptions and practices are studied, the role of competency and demographic influences are less understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationships between spiritual perception, competency, and practice in critical care nurses.
- To determine if spiritual care competency mediates these relationships.
- To assess the moderating effect of demographic factors on these relationships.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter, cross-sectional study involving 312 critical care nurses in Egypt.
- Online questionnaires assessed spiritual perception, spiritual care practice, and spiritual care competency.
- Structural equation modeling analyzed mediation and moderation effects.
Main Results:
- Spiritual competency significantly mediated the relationship between spiritual perception and spiritual care practice (p < 0.001).
- Age and ICU type significantly moderated multiple pathways, including perception to practice and perception to competency.
- Education level also moderated pathways, while gender and years of ICU experience did not show significant moderation.
Conclusions:
- Spiritual care competency is crucial in linking nurses' spiritual perception to their practice.
- Demographic factors like age and ICU type significantly interact with spiritual care pathways.
- Tailored training programs incorporating spiritual care competency and considering demographics are recommended for critical care nurses.
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