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Accuracy of Chatbot-Based Health Advice Related to Traumatic Dental Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Nitesh Tewari1,2, Amna Afrin Kidwai1, Ekta Wadhwani1
1Division of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Summary
Generative AI chatbots provide moderate accuracy for emergency dental trauma advice. ChatGPT-4.0 showed the highest accuracy, but caution is advised due to potential inaccuracies.
Area of Science:
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Dental Traumatology
- Health Informatics
Background:
- Generative AI, particularly chatbots, is increasingly used for health advice.
- Previous studies on chatbot accuracy for traumatic dental injuries (TDI) show variable results.
- A systematic review is needed to assess contemporary chatbots' reliability in emergency TDI care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and assess the accuracy and reliability of contemporary chatbots in providing emergency care advice for traumatic dental injuries (TDI).
- To compare the performance of different AI models in responding to TDI-related queries.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review following Cochrane Handbook and CHART statement, registered on Open Science Framework.
- Comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science without date limitations.
- Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis of 10 included studies, assessing quality using CHART compliance.
Main Results:
- Ten articles published in 2024-2025 evaluated seven chatbots.
- Eight studies demonstrated good compliance with the Chatbot-Assessment-Reporting-Tool (CHART) (≥75%).
- Pooled accuracy: ChatGPT-3.5 (65%), Gemini (70%), and ChatGPT-4.0 (79%).
Conclusions:
- Chatbot-generated advice for emergency dental trauma care is moderately accurate, with significant variability.
- ChatGPT-4.0 showed a trend towards higher accuracy, followed by Gemini and ChatGPT-3.5.
- Findings do not confirm clinical reliability; inaccuracies can lead to adverse outcomes in emergency dental trauma management.
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