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Published on: March 29, 2018
Frictional Resistance and Surface Roughness of Reduced Graphene Oxide Coated Stainless-Steel Archwires: An In Vitro
P Shreeya Varma1, Arun S Urala1, Ramya Vijeta Jathanna1
1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India, manipal.edu.
International Journal of Dentistry
|August 12, 2026
Summary
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coating significantly lowers friction on stainless-steel orthodontic archwires. This tribological improvement enhances performance by reducing resistance during orthodontic treatment.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Materials Engineering
- Orthodontics
Background:
- Orthodontic archwires experience significant frictional forces during treatment.
- Reducing friction can improve treatment efficiency and patient comfort.
- Stainless steel archwires are commonly used but have limitations in friction reduction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coating on stainless-steel (SS) orthodontic archwires.
- To evaluate changes in frictional resistance and surface characteristics after rGO coating.
- To compare the performance of coated SS archwires with uncoated controls.
Main Methods:
- An in vitro study utilizing 0.019 × 0.025-inch SS archwires.
- rGO coating applied via electrochemical deposition.
- Frictional resistance measured using a universal testing machine.
- Surface analysis conducted with Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, optical microscopy, and EDX.
Main Results:
- FESEM confirmed uniform and consistent rGO coating thickness.
- rGO-coated archwires demonstrated statistically significant reductions in frictional resistance.
- The reduction in friction was observed under both normal load and stress conditions.
Conclusions:
- rGO coating effectively reduces frictional resistance in SS orthodontic archwires.
- The structural integrity of the rGO coating facilitates improved interlayer sliding.
- rGO coating enhances the tribological performance of orthodontic archwires.
