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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

Resolved HBV infection is an independent risk factor for enhanced systemic inflammatory responses in COVID-19

Yifan Xu1,2, Jia Lu1,2, Wei Chen3

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Medicine
|August 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 patients. These patients exhibit heightened inflammatory responses and poorer outcomes compared to those without HBV infection.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health concern.
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide pandemic.
  • The interplay between HBV and COVID-19 requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate systemic inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients with resolved HBV infection.
  • To compare outcomes between COVID-19 patients with resolved HBV infection and non-HBV infection.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 215 COVID-19 patients was conducted.
  • Patients were categorized into current HBV, resolved HBV, and non-HBV infection groups.
  • Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The resolved HBV infection group showed significantly elevated inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, PCT, ferritin) and cytokines (IL-6, sIL-2R, TNF-α, IL-8).
  • Resolved HBV infection was independently associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  • COVID-19 patients with resolved HBV infection had a higher likelihood of developing severe disease (59.7%) compared to other groups.

Conclusions:

  • Resolved HBV infection is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity.
  • COVID-19 patients with resolved HBV infection experience enhanced systemic inflammation.
  • These patients face worse prognoses due to heightened inflammatory responses.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19cytokineimmune dysregulationinflammatory responseresolved HBV infection

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