Knowledge, attitude, and awareness of artificial intelligence among medical staff in Kabul City

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied in medicine for diagnosis, treatment, and decision-making. While enthusiasm for AI training among healthcare workers has been reported globally, little is known about awareness and attitudes in Afghanistan, where limited access to advanced diagnostic tools makes AI particularly valuable.

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of AI among healthcare workers in Kabul City.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to February 2025 among 256 healthcare staff, including physicians, nurses, technicians, and administrative personnel. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire distributed online and in paper format. Responses were recorded on a three-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, regression, and correlation analyses. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.

Of the participants, 71.1% were male (28.9% were female), and 43.8% were aged 21-29 years. Knowledge of AI was limited: only 1.6% demonstrated good knowledge, 44.7% poor knowledge, and 53.9% had insufficient knowledge. Attitudes were more favorable, with 47.3% expressing positive views, 37.5% somewhat agreeing, and 15.2% expressing negative views. Regression analysis revealed that age was significantly associated with knowledge scores, and knowledge strongly predicted positive attitudes. Reliability analysis confirmed acceptable internal consistency across domains (α ≥ 0.72).

Knowledge of AI among medical staff in Kabul is limited, but attitudes are generally favorable. Structured training programs, conferences, and AI-enabled systems are needed to strengthen Afghanistan's healthcare sector.