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Examining Differences in Hospitalization Among Adults With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Martha C Coates1, Jennifer Bromberg1, Jessica E Rast1,2,3
1Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.
American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
|August 12, 2026
Summary
Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) face unique hospitalization reasons, including schizophrenia and epilepsy, leading to increased healthcare needs. Improving community services and workforce training can reduce these disparities.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Healthcare Disparities
- Disability Studies
Background:
- Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience significant health disparities.
- Understanding hospitalization patterns is crucial for targeted interventions and resource allocation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the primary reasons for hospitalization in US adults with and without IDD.
- To identify differences in hospital admission causes and outcomes based on IDD status and age.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the 2017-2019 National Inpatient Sample data.
- Matching adults with IDD to a control group without IDD.
- Stratification by age groups (18-49 and ≥50) to compare hospitalization reasons and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Schizophrenia was a leading cause for hospitalization in younger adults (18-49) with IDD, while septicemia was primary for older adults (≥50).
- Epilepsy was prevalent among individuals with IDD, correlating with higher healthcare costs and utilization.
- Adults with IDD exhibited higher rates of chronic conditions, longer hospital stays, and greater post-discharge care requirements.
Conclusions:
- Hospitalization patterns for adults with IDD differ significantly by age group and condition.
- Addressing the specific healthcare needs of individuals with IDD requires enhanced community-based services.
- Training healthcare professionals to better serve the IDD population is essential to reduce disparities and improve outcomes.
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