Triple-Helix Biomolecules Construct Self-Adaptive Multi-Phase Interfaces for Dendrites Immunized Zinc Metal Anodes

Aqueous zinc (Zn) metal cells are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to their intrinsic safety and low cost. However, their practical application remains limited by uncontrolled Zn dendrite growth and hydrogen-evolution-induced corrosion. Here, we present a collagen-engineered strategy that harnesses the natural triple-helix architecture of collagen to construct collagen-coated cotton fiber (COL@COT) separators capable of continuous collagen release and dynamic interfacial regulation. The ordered triple-helix chains enable directional Zn²⁺ migration through interconnected ion channels bridging the anode, electrolyte, and cathode, while the released collagen molecules migrate under the electric field to assemble a self-adaptive organic-inorganic SEI. During prolonged cycling, inner layer collagen undergoes a secondary-structure evolution from the triple-helix to β-sheet domains, giving rise to a multilayered SEI with both flexibility and rigidity that maintains long-term interfacial stability. This adaptive interphase lowers Zn-ion desolvation barriers, directs (002)-oriented Zn deposition, and suppresses water-induced side reactions, thereby ensuring dendrite-free and durable Zn plating/stripping. As a result, Zn||Zn symmetric cells exhibit ultralong cycling stability over 2200 h at 5 mA cm^-2 and 1 mAh cm^-2. This work introduces a secondary-structure-programmed biomolecular approach for interphase engineering, bridging structural biology and electrochemistry to inspire the design of sustainable, bio-derived energy storage systems.