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Chain Rigidity Modulating Closed Pore and Inter-Graphitic Domain Channels in Resin-Derived Hard Carbon for Fast
Chuang Qiu1, Xinzhuo Mai1, Mohammad Tabish1
1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 12, 2026
Summary
Engineered hard carbon anodes with enhanced chain rigidity boost sodium-ion battery performance. This strategy creates more closed pores and faster ion diffusion, improving capacity and rate capability.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Polymer Chemistry
Background:
- Hard carbon (HC) is a key anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).
- Limitations in HC include low closed-pore content and slow ion diffusion, hindering capacity and rate performance.
- Developing advanced HC materials is crucial for SIB commercialization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To enhance the plateau capacity and rate performance of resin-derived hard carbon anodes.
- To investigate the effect of polymer chain rigidity on HC structure and electrochemical properties.
- To provide a novel strategy for optimizing HC anode materials for SIBs.
Main Methods:
- Chain rigidity engineering of 3-aminophenol-formaldehyde resin using Zn2+ coordination.
- Controlled polymerization to suppress flexible bridging pathways.
- Characterization of HC structure, including pore content and graphitic domain arrangement.
- Electrochemical testing of HC anodes in SIBs.
Main Results:
- Enhanced chain rigidity led to increased closed-pore formation in HC.
- Optimized HC exhibited improved ion diffusion kinetics due to inter-graphitic domain channels and enlarged interlayer spacing.
- The optimized HC anode achieved an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 437.9 mAh g-1.
- A high plateau capacity of 309.9 mAh g-1 and excellent rate performance (293.4 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1) were demonstrated.
Conclusions:
- Polymer chain rigidity is a critical factor in tailoring HC structure for SIB anodes.
- The proposed chain rigidity engineering strategy effectively enhances both capacity and rate performance.
- This work offers valuable insights for designing high-performance hard carbon anodes.
