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Vaccine hesitancy against HPV: adolescents' perspectives
Leticia Rodrigues de Jesus de Souza1, Gabriela Lorita Mazzetto1, Caroline Grespan Forlani2
1Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
Revista Gaucha De Enfermagem
|August 12, 2026
Summary
Adolescents show HPV vaccine hesitancy due to limited knowledge and access barriers. Improving health education, especially by Nursing, can boost HPV immunization rates.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Adolescent Health
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant public health concern.
- Vaccination is a primary prevention strategy against HPV-related diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze elements of HPV vaccine hesitancy among adolescents.
- To understand adolescent perspectives on HPV immunization barriers.
Main Methods:
- Qualitative study involving 58 middle school students in São Paulo.
- Focus groups utilized for data collection.
- Deductive content analysis guided by the 5Cs framework of vaccine hesitancy.
Main Results:
- Adolescents expressed confidence in vaccine safety but showed limited knowledge of adverse events (especially boys).
- Underestimation of HPV risks and confusion about complications were noted.
- Barriers to access, poor communication, and a perception of the vaccine being for girls were identified.
Conclusions:
- Limited knowledge about HPV and immunization, coupled with access and communication barriers, contributes to hesitancy.
- Nursing plays a crucial role in health education to expand adolescent knowledge on HPV immunization.
- Targeted interventions are needed to address specific barriers and improve HPV vaccine uptake.
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