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HTLV-1-associated diseases: a systematic review
Rosa Maria Nascimento Marcusso1, Víctor Ângelo Folgosi2, Augusto César Penalva de Oliveira1
1Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo
|August 12, 2026
Summary
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes diverse health issues beyond asymptomatic infection. This review synthesizes evidence on HTLV-1
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus with significant global health implications.
- Most HTLV-1 infections are asymptomatic, but a subset of individuals develop severe conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compile and synthesize scientific evidence on the clinical manifestations of HTLV-1 infection.
- To review associated co-infections, opportunistic diseases, and systemic complications.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Synthesis of evidence on HTLV-1 clinical spectrum.
- Analysis of co-morbidities and opportunistic infections.
Main Results:
- HTLV-1 is linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).
- Evidence indicates HTLV-1 contributes to multi-organ system complications (neurological, pulmonary, dermatological, rheumatological, ophthalmological).
- Increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections is associated with HTLV-1.
Conclusions:
- HTLV-1 infection presents a wide range of clinical manifestations and complications.
- Comprehensive understanding of HTLV-1's diverse impact is crucial for patient management.
- Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and improve therapeutic strategies.
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