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Effectiveness of NmCV-5 vaccine against meningococcal meningitis in an outbreak setting in Niger: results from a

Laura V Cooper1, Medard Djedanem2, Assan Abdoul Nasser3

  • 1Epicentre, Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France.

Vaccine
|August 12, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

The new NmCV-5 vaccine shows high effectiveness against meningococcal meningitis in Niger. This pentavalent conjugate vaccine protects against circulating strains C and W, crucial for public health in Africa's meningitis belt.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Meningococcal meningitis remains a significant threat in Africa's meningitis belt, despite previous vaccination successes.
  • Outbreaks persist due to serogroups C, W, and X, necessitating new vaccine strategies.
  • The pentavalent conjugate vaccine NmCV-5, targeting five serogroups, received WHO prequalification in 2023.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the real-world effectiveness of the NmCV-5 vaccine against meningococcal meningitis in Niger.
  • To assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) against specific circulating serogroups (NmC and NmW).

Main Methods:

  • A matched case-control study was conducted in six health districts in Niger.
  • PCR-confirmed meningococcal meningitis cases (aged 1-19 years) were compared to community controls.
  • Vaccination status was verified via vaccination cards or self-reporting; logistic regression was used for VE calculation.

Main Results:

  • The study included 17 cases and 68 controls; 41% of cases and 86% of controls reported NmCV-5 vaccination.
  • Crude vaccine effectiveness against all meningococcal meningitis was 88% (95% CI: 62-96).
  • Adjusted VE was 92% (95% CI: 72-98) overall and 91% (95% CI: 63-98) specifically for NmC.

Conclusions:

  • NmCV-5 demonstrated high effectiveness in real-world conditions against prevalent NmC and NmW strains.
  • Limitations include a small sample size and reliance on self-reported vaccination data.
  • Further research is needed to assess long-term impact and effectiveness against all targeted serogroups.
Keywords:
African meningitis beltBacterial meningitisOutbreak responseVaccine effectiveness

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