Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 14, 2026
07:44
In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography
Published on: July 24, 2020
AI Writing Vocabulary in Ophthalmology: Faster Non-Native Adoption, Unchanged Outcomes
Alessandro Berni1, Daniel Shu Wei Ting2, Greta Caputo3
1Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health, Eye Clinic, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy.; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore..
American Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 12, 2026
Summary
After ChatGPT, non-native English-speaking ophthalmology authors adopted AI writing styles faster than native English speakers. This shift in vocabulary did not correlate with increased publication rates or journal placement, indicating a population-level trend rather than individual quality.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Bibliometrics
- Artificial Intelligence
Background:
- The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has influenced academic writing across disciplines.
- Understanding the impact of LLMs on scientific literature, particularly in specialized fields like ophthalmology, is crucial for evaluating research integrity and trends.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the changes in LLM-associated writing vocabulary in ophthalmology publications following the advent of ChatGPT.
- To investigate whether these vocabulary changes differ based on the first author's country language group (native vs. non-native English-speaking).
- To determine if there were any shifts in publishing outcomes associated with these vocabulary changes.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective, cross-sectional bibliometric study analyzing a 10-year publication census (2015-2024) from high-impact ophthalmology journals.
- Comparison of PubMed abstracts pre-ChatGPT (2018-2019) and post-ChatGPT (2023-2024) to count LLM-associated words.
- Interrupted time-series analysis to assess changes in publication share and top-quartile journal placement for authors affiliated with native-English-speaking versus non-native-English-speaking countries.
Main Results:
- The rate of LLM-associated words per million increased 2.1-fold post-ChatGPT (320 to 668).
- This increase was significantly steeper among non-native English-affiliated authors (interaction IRR, 0.61; P < .001), a finding robust to adjustments.
- No significant post-ChatGPT changes were observed in the proportion of publications or top-quartile journal placements for non-native English-affiliated authors.
Conclusions:
- Non-native English-affiliated authors in ophthalmology adopted AI-associated writing vocabulary more rapidly after ChatGPT's release.
- This adoption of AI-associated vocabulary did not lead to a corresponding increase in publication frequency or placement in high-impact journals.
- The observed vocabulary changes reflect a population-level stylistic shift influenced by AI tools, not necessarily an indicator of individual article quality or confirmed AI usage.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
01:11Guidelines for Writing Outcome
When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care evaluation by...
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care evaluation by...
01:28Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...