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Preparation Strategies, Applications, and Evaluation Systems of Tough Biohydrogels
Jiameng Yang1,2,3, Wanqing Xu1,2,3, Bokun Li1,2,3
1State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems & Liangzhu Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Advanced Healthcare Materials
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Tough biohydrogels overcome the mechanical limitations of traditional hydrogels. This review categorizes strengthening strategies and proposes an evaluation system for developing advanced biohydrogels.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Polymer Chemistry
- Materials Engineering
Background:
- Traditional hydrogels possess weak mechanical properties, limiting their use in advanced applications.
- Tough biohydrogels have emerged as a promising alternative, but their development strategies require systematic organization.
- Existing strengthening strategies lack standardized categorization and evaluation systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review and categorize existing strategies for preparing tough biohydrogels.
- To establish a standardized evaluation system for assessing tough biohydrogels.
- To guide future research and development in designing next-generation tough biohydrogels for biomedical applications.
Main Methods:
- Innovative categorization of strengthening strategies into three core types: dynamic sacrificial interactions, intrinsic network structure optimization, and multi-scale heterogeneous structure construction.
- Systematic review of preparation methods and applications of tough biohydrogels.
- Development of an evaluation framework for tough biohydrogels.
Main Results:
- Classification of strengthening strategies provides a scientific framework for experimental guidance.
- Identification of key criteria for defining tough biohydrogels.
- Overview of current applications and future potential in the biomedical field.
Conclusions:
- A systematic approach to categorizing and evaluating tough biohydrogels is crucial for advancing the field.
- Synergistic application of multiple strengthening strategies can lead to breakthroughs in hydrogel performance.
- Tough biohydrogels hold significant promise for diverse biomedical applications, necessitating further research and development.
