Cardiovascular Complications Associated with Uro-Oncology Treatments-A Primer for the Clinician

Cardiovascular complications increasingly challenge survivors of urological cancers, given the cardiotoxicity of therapies such as androgen deprivation, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chemotherapy. This narrative review addresses the complex crosstalk between urological cancer treatment and cardiovascular disease. It summarizes cardiovascular toxicities linked to major antineoplastic agents, explores underlying mechanisms including metabolic and immune-mediated effects, and proposes strategies for surveillance, diagnosis, and management. Highlighting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration, it outlines future directions for research to optimize cardiovascular outcomes in this high-risk population. The increasing complexity of cardiovascular care in patients with urological malignancies highlights the need for closer collaboration between cardiologists, urologists, and oncologists, with uro-cardio-oncology emerging as an important multidisciplinary field.