Related Experiment Videos
Two-Time-Point Inflammatory Status Patterns and the Risk of Incident Diabetes: A Cohort Study Based on CHARLS
Yanxiang Luo1,2, Han Li2,3, Hongjian Gong2,3
1Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100730, China.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Persistently high inflammation is linked to a greater risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM). This study identified four inflammatory patterns, finding that a high-stable pattern significantly increased DM risk compared to a low-stable pattern.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Immunology
- Metabolic Diseases
Background:
- Chronic inflammation is a key factor in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM).
- Understanding temporal inflammatory patterns is crucial for predicting DM risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct patterns of inflammatory status over time.
- To investigate the association between these patterns and the risk of developing incident DM.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).
- Calculated an inflammatory score using C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) counts.
- Employed a longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation (LTMLE) framework to analyze associations.
Main Results:
- Identified four inflammatory patterns: low-stable, high-stable, increasing, and decreasing.
- The high-stable inflammatory pattern showed a significant association with increased DM risk (RR=1.430, 95% CI: 1.204-1.698).
- Landmark analysis at Wave 4 showed imprecise but directionally positive estimates for the high-stable pattern.
Conclusions:
- A persistently elevated inflammatory score is significantly associated with a heightened risk of incident DM.
- These findings highlight the importance of sustained inflammation in DM pathogenesis.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
01:19Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...