Total Biomass in the Neotropical Savanna Domain: Stock Estimation and Modeling with Edaphic Variables

In the Neotropical Savanna domain, few equations are available for estimating biomass stocks in Cerrado sensu stricto (CSS), despite the importance of such tools for estimating carbon stocks, understanding ecosystem functioning, and supporting conservation actions. We conducted forest inventories in 40 temporary 1000 m² plots in southeastern Brazil to estimate total and compartmental biomass stocks and to model biomass using structural and edaphic predictors. Total biomass (TB) included aboveground woody biomass (AGWB), necromass, litter, and belowground biomass (BGB). AGWB was estimated for trees with basal diameter ≥ 5 cm using a previously fitted regional equation. Root biomass was sampled using a 1 m³ trench excavated at a single point adjacent to each plot. Necromass was quantified using the line-intersect method along a 50 m transect, considering debris with diameter ≥ 3 cm. Litter was sampled using a 0.25 m² frame placed at the center of each plot. Biomass was modeled on an area basis using a hierarchical approach for TB, total tree biomass (TTB = AGWB + BGB), and AGWB. Mean stocks (Mg ha^-1 ± s.d.) were 45.24 ± 17.32 (TB), 20.47 ± 11.26 (AGWB), 18.47 ± 10.88 (BGB), 5.49 ± 4.18 (litter), and 0.81 ± 1.62 (necromass). Models selected using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and validated by repeated k-fold cross-validation achieved rŷy = 0.76, 0.72, and 0.94 and RMSE = 24.40%, 27.06%, and 18.10% for TB, TTB, and AGWB. As the equations were calibrated for CSS under the environmental conditions of the Brazilian semiarid region, their transferability to other Cerrado regions should be considered with caution. The inclusion of soil variables (e.g., Al, Mg, and sand) improved predictions, reducing relative costs and taxonomic dependence, while incorporating nutritional adaptations to the acidic soils characteristic of the biome.