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Published on: April 22, 2022
Effects of Thermal Aging and Subsequent Autoclave Treatment on the Phytochemical Fingerprint, Antioxidant Capacity,
Churdsak Jaikang1,2, Supakit Chaipoot3, Hataichanok Chuljerm4
1Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Background:
This study evaluated the effects of aging and subsequent autoclave treatment on the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral-feature profile and biological activities of lychee pulp extracts.
Methods:
Dried lychee (DL), aged lychee (AL), and autoclave-treated aged lychee (ATAL) extracts were compared using 1H NMR spectroscopy, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant assays, carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitory assays, and endothelial cell viability.
Results:
Sixteen phytochemical spectral features were putatively annotated, and their relative signal intensities differed among the extracts (p < 0.001). Relative to DL, ATAL exhibited higher signal intensities for most features, including taxifolin (8.32-fold) and procyanidin B2 (7.44-fold), whereas epicatechin was particularly prominent in AL (12.31-fold). TPC increased from 0.53 ± 0.07 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract in DL to 8.39 ± 0.19 and 9.07 ± 0.10 mg GAE/g extract in AL and ATAL, respectively. AL and ATAL also showed higher TFC and antioxidant activities than DL. The α-amylase IC50 values were 247.00 ± 45.00, 129.17 ± 8.56, and 126.27 ± 3.90 mg/mL for DL, AL, and ATAL, respectively, while the corresponding α-glucosidase IC50 values were 187.93 ± 8.20, 66.71 ± 6.84, and 50.30 ± 2.72 mg/mL. No significant reduction in endothelial cell viability was detected after multiplicity adjustment. Exploratory principal component analysis (PCA) explained 99.8% of the total variance and revealed distinct processing-associated spectral-feature profiles.
Conclusions:
Aging followed by autoclave treatment enhanced the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and in vitro carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme inhibition of lychee pulp extracts.
