Houttuynia cordata Extract Alleviates SVCV Infection by Modulating the RARα-A/Type I Interferon Axis in Common Carp

Area of Science:

• Aquatic animal health
• Fish immunology
• Natural product research

Background:

• Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV) causes significant economic losses in aquaculture.
• Current antiviral therapies for SVCV are insufficient, necessitating new intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of Houttuynia cordata against SVCV in common carp.
• To explore the mechanisms underlying Houttuynia cordata's protective effects.

Main Methods:

• In vitro cell culture and in vivo experiments with common carp.
• Assessment of viral replication, viral titer, and immune responses.
• Analysis of gene expression (RARα-A, IFN-1, CXCL11) and immune cell recruitment.

Main Results:

• Houttuynia cordata significantly suppressed SVCV replication and reduced viral load in carp.
• The extract upregulated IFN-1 and CXCL11, suppressed RARα-A, and recruited T lymphocytes.
• Houttuynia cordata alleviated SVCV-induced hemorrhagic symptoms and enhanced disease resistance.

Conclusions:

• Houttuynia cordata demonstrates potent antiviral and immunomodulatory properties against SVCV.
• Dietary supplementation with Houttuynia cordata provides a dual benefit of viral suppression and immune regulation for carp.
• This herb represents a promising eco-friendly antiviral agent for sustainable aquaculture development.