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Exercise Regulates Mitochondrial Quality Control: Maintenance and Remodeling of Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis
1School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200438, China.
Biology
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Exercise precisely regulates mitochondrial quality control (MQC) in skeletal muscle, impacting biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy. Different exercise types offer varied benefits for muscle health and function.
Area of Science:
- Skeletal muscle physiology
- Mitochondrial biology
- Exercise science
Background:
- Skeletal muscle homeostasis relies on mitochondrial quality control (MQC).
- MQC involves mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy.
- Imbalance in MQC leads to skeletal muscle atrophy and metabolic dysfunction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular mechanisms of MQC in skeletal muscle.
- To elaborate on how exercise regulates skeletal muscle remodeling via MQC.
- To compare the effects of different exercise modes on MQC.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of molecular regulatory mechanisms.
- Analysis of exercise-induced MQC regulation pathways.
- Comparison of aerobic, high-intensity interval, and resistance exercise effects.
Main Results:
- Exercise activates AMPK-PGC-1α for mitochondrial biogenesis.
- Exercise modulates MFN1/2, OPA1, and DRP1 for mitochondrial dynamics.
- Exercise enhances mitochondrial autophagy via PINK1/Parkin and autophagy pathways.
- Different exercise modes differentially regulate MQC aspects.
Conclusions:
- Exercise is crucial for maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis through MQC.
- Aerobic exercise promotes biogenesis/fusion; HIIT enhances autophagy; resistance exercise impacts dynamics over time.
- Further research on exercise dose, effect, and combinations is needed for optimal strategies.
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