Comparison of Biological Activities of Inonotus hispidus Polysaccharides by Solid-State and Submerged Cultures

Inonotus hispidus is a medicinal mushroom that produces polysaccharides with potential biological activities. In this study, polysaccharides obtained from fruiting bodies (IH-F) and submerged fermentation broth (IH-L) of I. hispidus LQ-1 were compared. IH-F was composed of D-galactose (36.07%), L-fucose (17.22%), D-mannose (15.48%), D-glucose (9.78%), D-arabinose (9.43%), D-xylose (7.29%), glucuronic acid (3.32%), D-galacturonic acid (1.02%), and ribose (0.38%), whereas IH-L was mainly composed of D-glucose (58.15%) and D-galactose (23.19%). In the zebrafish oxidative injury model, IH-F showed antioxidant protection rates of 7.19%, 27.50%, and 41.70% at 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL, respectively, while IH-L showed protection rates of 26.46%, 28.33%, and 43.59% at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. In the CuSO4-induced inflammation model, the highest anti-inflammatory protection rates of IH-F and IH-L were 27.82% and 47.72%, respectively. Both polysaccharides promoted the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mildly inhibited A549 cell proliferation in vitro. These findings suggest that I. hispidus polysaccharides may have potential as functional ingredients, although further structural and mechanistic studies are required.