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Circulating CTRP1 in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Anirudh Suresh1,2, Alexander Dallaway1,3, Attia Mustafa1,2,4,5
1Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Circulating CTRP1 concentrations are significantly higher in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This meta-analysis synthesized data on CTRP1 levels in T2DM patients versus controls, revealing elevated levels in those with T2DM.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Biomarkers and Diagnostics
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to altered adipokine profiles.
- C1q tumour necrosis factor-related protein 1 (CTRP1) is an adipokine with potential metabolic benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity.
- Emerging clinical data suggest a correlation between CTRP1 levels and T2DM.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze existing studies on the association between circulating CTRP1 concentrations and T2DM in adults.
- To synthesize current evidence regarding CTRP1 levels in individuals with and without T2DM.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycInfo).
- Eight studies involving 525 T2DM cases and 612 non-T2DM controls were included in the meta-analysis.
- Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the RoBANS 2 and NIH quality assessment tools.
Main Results:
- Meta-analysis revealed significantly higher circulating CTRP1 concentrations in T2DM cases compared to controls (Mean Difference: 185.31 ng/mL; 95% CI: 140.02 to 230.60; p < 0.001).
- Sensitivity analyses and exclusion of poor-quality studies did not substantially alter the findings.
- Meta-regression indicated that a higher proportion of males and increased mean body mass index were associated with a lower mean difference in CTRP1.
Conclusions:
- Circulating CTRP1 concentrations are significantly elevated in adults with T2DM.
- The findings suggest a potential association between CTRP1 and T2DM, though most studies were cross-sectional with noted heterogeneity and bias.
- Further prospective, large-scale research is warranted to clarify the nature of this association and explore CTRP1's utility as a T2DM biomarker.
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